In the West, the Union Navy captured the port of New Orleans in 1862, and Ulysses S. Lee's invasion of the North was repulsed at the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania in July 1863 he barely managed to escape back to Virginia. In the East, Robert Edward Lee rolled up a series of Confederate victories over the Army of the Potomac, but his best general, Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson, was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863. War Democrats reluctantly accepted emancipation as part of total war needed to save the Union. In addition, the goal also allowed the Union to recruit African-Americans for reinforcements, a resource that the Confederacy did not dare exploit until it was too late. Emancipation ensured that Britain and France would not intervene to help the Confederacy. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made the freeing of the slaves a war goal, despite opposition from northern Copperheads who tolerated secession and slavery. Fighting commenced on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a Federal military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina.ĭuring the first year, the Union asserted control of the border states and established a naval blockade as both sides raised large armies. The Union, led by President Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, opposed the expansion of slavery and rejected any right of secession. The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a war between the United States Federal government (the " Union") and eleven Southern slave states that declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America, led by President Jefferson Davis. Union blockade – Eastern – Western – Lower Seaboard – Trans-Mississippi – Pacific Coast Union victory Reconstruction slavery abolishedĬonfederate States of America (Confederacy) Principally in the Southern United States (clockwise from upper right) Confederate prisoners at Gettysburg Battle of Fort Hindman, Arkansas Rosecrans at Stones River, Tennessee Related subjects: Pre 1900 Military "The Civil War" is the most common term in the United States of America for this conflict.
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